Termedia Sp. z.o.o.
Interleukins: pathophysiological role in acute pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory state characterized by a clinical course that can lead to serious local and extrapancreatic organ malfunction and failure. Interleukins (ILs) are biologically active glycoproteins primarily produced by macrophages and lymphocytes. According to the literature, there are many ILs. However, this article represents a summary of the role of ILs in AP, such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-13, IL-14, IL-15,...
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2024
Saima Sharif
,
Saira Rafaqat
,
Amir Hossein Behnoush
,
Aleksandra Klisic
,
Dimitrios Patoulias
MDPI AG
The Association between Coagulation and Atrial Fibrillation
The existing literature highlights the presence of numerous coagulation factors and markers. Elevated levels of coagulation factors are associated with both existing and newly diagnosed cases of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, this article summarizes the role of coagulation in the pathogenesis of AF, which includes fibrinogen and fibrin, prothrombin, thrombomodulin, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, von Willebrand factor, P-selectin, D-dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,...
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2024
Saima Sharif
,
Sanja Gluscevic
,
Saira Rafaqat
,
Aleksandra Klisic
,
Dimitrios Patoulias
MDPI AG
The Role of Endocan in Cardiometabolic Disorders
Discovered two decades ago, endocan still represents an intriguing biomarker related to inflammation. Endocan is a soluble dermatan sulphate proteoglycan secreted by endothelial cells. Its expression is observed in tissues related to the enhanced proliferation, especially hepatocytes, lungs, kidneys, etc. Endocan has been investigated in many cardiometabolic disorders that are tightly connected with inflammation, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,...
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2023
Aleksandra Klisic
,
Dimitrios Patoulias
