The authoress of this article considers the changes in structure of agricultural population of Yugoslavia in the period from 1921 to 1961. In the first part of this article the authoress analized the statistical data of the prewar and postwar population censuses and comes to the conclusion that in the prewar period total number of agricultural population was increasing absolutely and relatively as well. In postwar period situation reversed. An average annual decrease of participation of agricultural population in the total population amounted in the prewar period to 0,23% while in the postwar period up to 1961. 1,28%. The authoress particularly notes the differences among republics and regions for the period from 1953 to 1961 and concludes that there was a general tendency of the decrease in number of agricultural population (relatively and absolutely). This tendency is strongly expressed in regions which have been developing their economies relatively the most intensive in the postwar period (Crna Gora, Makedonia). In the second part authoress considers the degree of economic activity of agricultural population. According to the population censuses in 1953 and 1961 the procentage of activ agricultural population in the total number of agricultural population was lower in less developed regions than in more developed ones. Surprisingly high procentage of women are among the active agricultural population (55% in the whole country and 62% in Slovenia). However this is a consequence of higher proportion of men among those employed in nonagricultural activities. Relatively high procentage of women in the activ agricultural population determines and changes in certain extent the way of farming. Peasants\u27 households with prevailing women labour power orientate their agricultural production to so called »small farming «(pigbreeding and hortyculture). Women manage agricultural works in about 15% of all pesants’ households (in Croatia 20% and in Slovenia 25% respectively). In the third part authoress analized some basic data about the age structure of agricultural population. Gradual process of ageing of rural population is a general tendency and is due to the flow of younger people from villages to towns. Analysis of the decrease of activ population in the period 1953—1961 shows that groupes of activ population up to the 34 yaers of age rapidly reduced their number while groupes of activ population over 50 years of age increased their number. In the conclusion of this article there is said: »The tendency of further decrease of agricultural population is caused on the one hand by the decline of the rate of natural increase and on the other hand by the flow of rural population from villages to towns i. e. from agricultural to nonagricultural activities. Many individual households won\u27t reproduce themselves any more. Aged peasants’ households are growing in number and gradually dying out as agricultural households«