This paper, based on a secondary analysis of existing dialectological descriptions and field research on previously unexamined Montenegrin vernaculars, applies descriptive, comparative, and introspective methods to examine linguistic connections between Montenegrin and Polish at grammatical and pragmatic levels, including sounds, vocabulary, usage, and “false friends”, with a focus on substandard varieties. The findings show that, although similarities exist between the standard languages, closer parallels with Polish are found in toponymy and vernaculars, especially more archaic forms, indicating remnants of older shared linguistic layers. The paper provides new data valuable for comparative research in Polish and Montenegrin studies.
