Wiley
The global case fatality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 by continents and national income: A meta‐analysis
Laziz Tuychiev , Ranjit Sah , Mohamed L. C. B. Ahmed , J. Smith Torres‐Roman , Adrian Camacho‐Ortiz , Yohannes Kebede , Silvio A. Ñamendys‐Silva , Ren‐He Xu , Dimitrios Tsartsalis , Jun Young Lee , Mohammed A. Mamun , Visnja K. Males , Hoang Van Minh , Richard Makurumidze , Louis Jacob , Lee Smith , Elena Dragioti , Silva Tafaj , Guy Wanghi , Ramy Abou Ghayda , Abdulwahed Al Serouri , Thomas Nadasdy , Slobodan Jankovic , Harapan Harapan , Seohyun Ryu , Ai Koyanagi , Jae Won Yang , Gonzalo E. Perez , Atte Oksanen , Uwe Wollina , Oidov Baatarkhuu , David Koh , Han Li , Ohnmar Ohnmar , Myung Bae Park , Andreas Kronbichler , Marius Rademaker , Aamer Ikram , Lin Yang , Saad I. Mallah , Blaise N. Yongsi , Jae Il Shin , Katarzyna Kotfis , Patrick Schober , Young Joo Han , Gwang Hum Jeong , Chen Nahshon , Sulaiman Lakoh , Franz Castro , Zoubida Zaidi , Jorge Llibre‐Guerra , Irene Torres , Dina Sallam , Jinhee Lee , Horace Cox , Izet Masic , Anastasiia Bondarenko , Kirk Douglas , Hyo Jeong Lee , Zita A. Nodjikouambaye , Sandro Rosa , Jadamba Tsolmon , Umesh Jayarajah , Mehrdad Amir‐Behghadami , Sung Hwi Hong , Sojung Yoon , Konstantinos Parperis , Tanu Singhal , Sergey Moiseev , Joaquim Radua , Shahul Ebrahim , Milos Jesenak , Hayk Davtyan , Sevda Aghayeva , Maria Effenberger , Hyam Bashour , Pramath Kakodkar , Lowell Ling , Michael Eisenhut , Martina Ferioli , Keum Hwa Lee , Shigeru Inoue , Masaki Machida , Humaid O. Al‐Shamsi , Henning B. Nielsen , Batrić Vukčević , Meron Kifle , Krit Pongpirul , Marco Solmi , Oluwatomi Owopetu
2022
AbstractThe aim of this study is to provide a more accurate representation of COVID‐19's case fatality rate (CFR) by performing meta‐analyses by continents and income, and by comparing the result with pooled estimates. We used multiple worldwide data sources on COVID‐19 for every country reporting COVID‐19 cases. On the basis of data, we performed random and fixed meta‐analyses for CFR of COVID‐19 by continents and income according to each individual calendar date. CFR was estimated based on the different geographical regions and levels of income using three models: pooled estimates, fixed‐ and random‐model. In Asia, all three types of CFR initially remained approximately between 2.0% and 3.0%. In the case of pooled estimates and the fixed model results, CFR increased to 4.0%, by then gradually decreasing, while in the case of random‐model, CFR remained under 2.0%. Similarly, in Europe, initially, the two types of CFR peaked at 9.0% and 10.0%, respectively. The random‐model results showed an increase near 5.0%. In high‐income countries, pooled estimates and fixed‐model showed gradually increasing trends with a final pooled estimates and random‐model reached about 8.0% and 4.0%, respectively. In middle‐income, the pooled estimates and fixed‐model have gradually increased reaching up to 4.5%. in low‐income countries, CFRs remained similar between 1.5% and 3.0%. Our study emphasizes that COVID‐19 CFR is not a fixed or static value. Rather, it is a dynamic estimate that changes with time, population, socioeconomic factors, and the mitigatory efforts of individual countries.
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