Biritualno groblje u Donjoj Dolini i nakon više od stotinu
godina od istraživanja još uvijek predstavlja osnovu za proučavanje
složenih interakcija koje su zajednice starijega željeznog
doba naseljene na jugu Panonske nizine ostvarivale s onima sa
susjednih prostora, prije svega sa zapadnim i središnjim Balkanom
na jugu, jugoistočnoalpskim prostorom na zapadu te
Podunavljem na istoku. U dosadašnjim proučavanjima groblja
u Donjoj Dolini naglasak je najčešće bio na prestižnim predmetima
ratničke obrambene opreme te brončanome posuđu.
Međutim, ono po čemu se groblje u Donjoj Dolini izdvaja u
odnosu na ostala istovremena nalazišta prepoznaje se u združivanju
raznolikih predmeta ženske nošnje i nakita u jedinstvene
kombinacije koje izvrsno prikazuju složenost ostvarenih mreža
kontakata. Jednu od takvih grobnih cjelina predstavlja paljevinski
grob 16 s grede I. Stipančevića u kojem su spaljeni ostaci
vjerojatno mlađe pokojnice bili položeni u urnu, zajedno s
ostalim predmetima nošnje i nakita. Nošnji pripadaju dvije kre-
Marko Dizdar, Hrvoje Potrebica
Grob iz Donje Doline s krestastim fibulama –
odakle, kako i kada su došle do rijeke Save
Grave from Donja Dolina with crested fibulae –
whence, how and when did they reach the River Sava
2
VAHD 113–1, 2020. – 2021., 1–40
staste fibule za koje se, kroz detaljnu tipološku analizu, pokazalo
kako predstavljaju import s Glasinca, pri čemu otvorenim
ostaje pitanje radi li se o predmetima koji su sredinom 6. st. pr.
Kr. do Donje Doline dospjeli kulturnim transferom ili su fibule,
kao dio nošnje, prispjele s osobom koja ih je nosila. Druga
fibula u grobu 16 – brončana dvopetljasta fibula s kvadratnom
nožicom s dva otvora – također pokazuje usmjerenje prema
Glasincu, uostalom kao i niz drugih predmeta ženske nošnje i
nakita s groblja u Donjoj Dolini. Analiza krestastih fibula pokazala
je kako se radi o heterogenoj skupini s tri izdvojena tipa
– Ražana, Pod i Zabrnjica – koji su prepoznatljiv dio ženske
nošnje, odnosno kako su bile nošene od strane djevojaka ili
odraslih žena. Njihova je rasprostranjenost u najvećem broju
dokumentirana na Glasincu, no zabilježene su i na nalazištima
od Donje Doline na sjeveru do sjeverne Albanije na jugu, pri
čemu je primjetno kako fibule tipa Pod i Zabrnjica pokazuju
lokalnu rasprostranjenost.Even after more than a hundred years of research, the
biritual cemetery in Donja Dolina is still the cornerstone for
studying the complex interactions of the Early Iron Age communities
inhabited in the south of the Pannonian Plain with
those from the neighbouring areas, primarily the western and
central Balkans in the south, the south-eastern Alps in the
west, and the Danube region in the east. Previous studies of
the cemetery in Donja Dolina have mostly been focused on
prestigious items of warriors’ defensive equipment and bronze
vessels. However, the cemetery in Donja Dolina is unlike any
other contemporaneous site because of its unique combinations
of various items of female costume and jewellery that
perfectly reveal the complexity of the established contact networks.
One such burial unit is the cremation grave 16 at greda
I. Stipančević, in which the cremated remains of an apparently
young woman were placed in an urn, together with various
costume and jewellery items. Two crested fibulae are parts of costume. A detailed typological analysis revealed that they
had been imported from Glasinac. It still remains open whether
these objects reached Donja Dolina in the mid-sixth century
BC by cultural transfer, or the fibulae, as parts of the costume,
were brought by the person who wore them. Another fibula
in grave 16 – a bronze fibula with two loops and a square
foot with two openings – also demonstrates an orientation
towards Glasinac, as do a number of other items of female
costume and jewellery from the cemetery in Donja Dolina. The
crested fibulae were analysed and found to be a heterogeneous
group with three separate types – Ražana, Pod and Zabrnjica
– distinctive parts of female costume as they were worn
by girls or adult women. Their distribution has mostly been
recorded at Glasinac, but they have also been documented on
sites from Donja Dolina in the north to northern Albania in the
south, whereas the fibulae of the Pod and Zabrnjica types indicate
a noticeably local distribution