Grave from Donja Dolina with crested fibulae – whence, how and when did they reach the River Sava
2020
Croatian
Biritualno groblje u Donjoj Dolini i nakon više od stotinu godina od istraživanja još uvijek predstavlja osnovu za proučavanje složenih interakcija koje su zajednice starijega željeznog doba naseljene na jugu Panonske nizine ostvarivale s onima sa susjednih prostora, prije svega sa zapadnim i središnjim Balkanom na jugu, jugoistočnoalpskim prostorom na zapadu te Podunavljem na istoku. U dosadašnjim proučavanjima groblja u Donjoj Dolini naglasak je najčešće bio na prestižnim predmetima ratničke obrambene opreme te brončanome posuđu. Međutim, ono po čemu se groblje u Donjoj Dolini izdvaja u odnosu na ostala istovremena nalazišta prepoznaje se u združivanju raznolikih predmeta ženske nošnje i nakita u jedinstvene kombinacije koje izvrsno prikazuju složenost ostvarenih mreža kontakata. Jednu od takvih grobnih cjelina predstavlja paljevinski grob 16 s grede I. Stipančevića u kojem su spaljeni ostaci vjerojatno mlađe pokojnice bili položeni u urnu, zajedno s ostalim predmetima nošnje i nakita. Nošnji pripadaju dvije kre- Marko Dizdar, Hrvoje Potrebica Grob iz Donje Doline s krestastim fibulama – odakle, kako i kada su došle do rijeke Save Grave from Donja Dolina with crested fibulae – whence, how and when did they reach the River Sava 2 VAHD 113–1, 2020. – 2021., 1–40 staste fibule za koje se, kroz detaljnu tipološku analizu, pokazalo kako predstavljaju import s Glasinca, pri čemu otvorenim ostaje pitanje radi li se o predmetima koji su sredinom 6. st. pr. Kr. do Donje Doline dospjeli kulturnim transferom ili su fibule, kao dio nošnje, prispjele s osobom koja ih je nosila. Druga fibula u grobu 16 – brončana dvopetljasta fibula s kvadratnom nožicom s dva otvora – također pokazuje usmjerenje prema Glasincu, uostalom kao i niz drugih predmeta ženske nošnje i nakita s groblja u Donjoj Dolini. Analiza krestastih fibula pokazala je kako se radi o heterogenoj skupini s tri izdvojena tipa – Ražana, Pod i Zabrnjica – koji su prepoznatljiv dio ženske nošnje, odnosno kako su bile nošene od strane djevojaka ili odraslih žena. Njihova je rasprostranjenost u najvećem broju dokumentirana na Glasincu, no zabilježene su i na nalazištima od Donje Doline na sjeveru do sjeverne Albanije na jugu, pri čemu je primjetno kako fibule tipa Pod i Zabrnjica pokazuju lokalnu rasprostranjenost.Even after more than a hundred years of research, the biritual cemetery in Donja Dolina is still the cornerstone for studying the complex interactions of the Early Iron Age communities inhabited in the south of the Pannonian Plain with those from the neighbouring areas, primarily the western and central Balkans in the south, the south-eastern Alps in the west, and the Danube region in the east. Previous studies of the cemetery in Donja Dolina have mostly been focused on prestigious items of warriors’ defensive equipment and bronze vessels. However, the cemetery in Donja Dolina is unlike any other contemporaneous site because of its unique combinations of various items of female costume and jewellery that perfectly reveal the complexity of the established contact networks. One such burial unit is the cremation grave 16 at greda I. Stipančević, in which the cremated remains of an apparently young woman were placed in an urn, together with various costume and jewellery items. Two crested fibulae are parts of costume. A detailed typological analysis revealed that they had been imported from Glasinac. It still remains open whether these objects reached Donja Dolina in the mid-sixth century BC by cultural transfer, or the fibulae, as parts of the costume, were brought by the person who wore them. Another fibula in grave 16 – a bronze fibula with two loops and a square foot with two openings – also demonstrates an orientation towards Glasinac, as do a number of other items of female costume and jewellery from the cemetery in Donja Dolina. The crested fibulae were analysed and found to be a heterogeneous group with three separate types – Ražana, Pod and Zabrnjica – distinctive parts of female costume as they were worn by girls or adult women. Their distribution has mostly been recorded at Glasinac, but they have also been documented on sites from Donja Dolina in the north to northern Albania in the south, whereas the fibulae of the Pod and Zabrnjica types indicate a noticeably local distribution
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