MDPI AG
This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological potential of needle extracts from five pine species, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity, as well as their influence on cell cycle progression. Needle extracts were prepared using three extraction methods: conventional maceration (CM), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and digestion (D). The chemical profile was determined with an emphasis on phenolic acids, flavonoids, and related phenolic compounds....
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